By Bilkis Abdulraheem Lawal
Every March 24 is marked as World Tuberculosis Day to raise awareness about the devastating health, social and economic consequences of tuberculosis (TB) and to intensify efforts to eliminate the disease.
The theme for the 2026 commemoration, “Yes, We Can End TB,” underscores a shift from global commitments to practical, country-led actions driven by collaboration among governments and stakeholders.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can also impact the spine, brain and kidneys. It spreads through the air when infected individuals cough, sneeze or spit.
Despite being preventable and curable, TB remains a significant public health challenge. Symptoms include a persistent cough lasting more than two weeks, chest pain, weakness, weight loss and loss of appetite. However, individuals with inactive TB may not exhibit symptoms.
According to World Health Organisation, (WHO), about 2.5 million people fell ill with TB in the African region in 2022, accounting for nearly a quarter of global cases. The same year recorded approximately 424,000 TB-related deaths in the region.
Nigeria carries the highest TB burden in Africa and ranks sixth globally, contributing about 4.6 per cent of the global TB burden.
Data from the National Tuberculosis, Leprosy, and Buruli Ulcer Control Programme shows that 371,019 TB cases were reported in Nigeria in 2023, surpassing national targets for case detection, with a treatment success rate of 93 per cent.
Speaking on efforts to curb the disease, a TB Technical Officer at the WHO Africa Regional Office, Dr Abena Jean, said digital health systems are transforming TB diagnosis and management across the continent.
“The World Health Organization has introduced guidelines on artificial intelligence-supported diagnosis, including AI-powered X-ray systems that can detect TB within seconds without necessarily requiring a radiologist,” she said.
He added that digital platforms and molecular diagnostic tools are improving accuracy and speed of confirmation.
Dr Jean further noted that electronic registers and mobile technology are enhancing patient follow-up and treatment adherence.
“Mobile phones and electronic systems make it easier to monitor patients, track medication refills and appointments, thereby promoting a more patient-centred approach,” He added.
He added that the system operates within a legal framework designed to protect patients’ privacy and ensure data sovereignty in the countries where it is implemented.
A TB survivor, Abubakar Asoro, shared his experience of delayed diagnosis due to overcrowded hospitals and what he described as the nonchalant attitude of some health workers.
“I initially thought it was a spiritual problem and travelled to Kwara State, but I was later redirected to a hospital where I was diagnosed with TB,” he said.
He emphasised the importance of digital tools in identifying cases early and improving treatment outcomes.
Asoro highlighted the role of the One Impact App, which allows users to assess symptoms through a questionnaire and seek appropriate medical care.
Another survivor, Jones Ihemenam, who is also the Executive Director of Rhoda’s Haven Network for Women Living with HIV/AIDS, said Nigeria has adopted technologies such as GeneXpert and portable digital X-rays for TB detection and treatment.
“Technology has significantly improved TB detection and management, and treatment centres now send reminders to patients to ensure adherence to medication,” he said.
While acknowledging progress, the survivors called for expanded use of digital tools and increased awareness campaigns, particularly among traditional and spiritual leaders, to address misconceptions about TB.
They also urged the public to stop discriminating against TB survivors, stressing that stigma remains a major barrier to early diagnosis and effective treatment.
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